History of Social Thought Essay Example For Students

History of Social Thought Essay On October 27, 1994, Susan Smith watched her burgundy MazdaProtege fold into the watery profundities of John D. Long Lake carryingher two children, Michael, 3, and his 14-month-old sibling, AlexanderHenderson and Fields 1995). One can just consider what could havecaused a mother to purposefully kill her two wonderful babyboys. The thought process appeared to be that Susan Smiths wealthyboyfriend didn't need the youngsters. She likewise expressed in herhandwritten admission that she realized he could never cherish her(Smith 1994). I can just guess that she implied he would neverlove her as long as she had kids. Nonetheless, I trust thatSusan more likely than not been profoundly upset to submit such a horribleIn request to more readily comprehend this unimaginable demonstration, I choseto utilize the psychoanalytic hypothesis from the psychologicalperspective. I figure this hypothesis can portray Susans behaviorbetter than the subjective consistency hypothesis in light of the fact that the id, ego,and super-inner self appear to watch mental procedures more than thecognitive consistency hypothesis does. Utilizing the cognitiveconsistency hypothesis would make it progressively hard to watch themental procedures of Susan Smith that I accept are important tounderstand this wrongdoing (Lecture notes, mental perspective,cognitive consistency hypothesis). I will likewise utilize the sociallearning hypothesis under the conduct point of view since I believepositive and negative support can make it all the more clear as towhy Susan Smith slaughtered her youngsters. I decided not to utilize thesocial trade hypothesis in light of the fact that, for this situation, Susan Smith isn't arranging anything as social trade hypothesis clarifies. It alsotends to be a decadent perspective on the human (Lecture notes,behavioral point of view, social trade hypothesis, 2000). The lasttheory that will be examined from the sociological point of view isthe job hypothesis. I accept that it i s a most evident idea thatSusan Smith defyed her status and job of being a mother that oursociety acknowledges. Job hypothesis will be more useful than symbolicinteraction hypothesis since I accept that Susan Smith had a greatdeal of job strife between being a mother and a sweetheart. Representative collaboration hypothesis doesn't manage jobs, and focusesmore on emblematic interchanges (Lecture notes, sociologicalperspective, representative connection hypothesis, 2000). The psychoanalytic hypothesis encourages us to better understandpersonality improvement of people. As per Freud, wehave a bio-sexual source of character that comprises of twocomponents. The first is known as the Eros, and it is our lifeinstinct. It is our will to remain alive under any conditions. The subsequent part is the Thenatos which is our demise nature. These are helpers for our social conduct (Lecture notes,psychological viewpoint, psychoanalytic hypothesis, 2000). SusanSmith expressed that she needed to fold into the stream alongside hertwo youngsters, yet she ruled against it (Smith). Maybe herEros was substantially more impressive than her Thenatos, or she would havefollowed her passing sense and murdered herself too. The psychoanalytic hypothesis likewise expresses that we have three componentsthat make up our character. Initially, there is the id which contains our drives, needs, and needs that we are conceived with(Lecture notes, mental point of view, psychoanalytic the ory,2000). The id is some of the time thought of as our oblivious thoughtsthat we are unconscious of. The second angle to the character iscalled the super-conscience which holds our ethical convictions and standards thatare created through parental socialization (Lecture notes,psychological point of view, psychoanalytic hypothesis, 2000). In otherwords, the super-conscience isn't something we are brought into the world with, however itcontains ethics and qualities that are instructed to us by our folks. The third viewpoint to the character is the inner self. This is perhapsthe most significant piece of the character since it endeavors tosatisfy the ids wants. It is an impartial system that could bethought of as the cognizant choices we make on a day by day basis(Lecture notes, mental viewpoint, psychoanalytic theory,2000). For example, Susan Smiths id needed to be with herwealthy beau. This was her primary want that she wasconcerned with. She realized that he didn't need youngsters. Hersuper-self image realized that murdering her youngsters was extremely off-base. In this manner, her self image attempted to assist her craving to be with herboyfriend, and her id assumed control over her character on the grounds that sheeliminated her youngsters from the image. In this way, Susans super-egoSocial learning hypothesis has operant molding perspectives to itthat looks to conduct being spurred by remunerations and disciplines. It expresses that our practices are persuaded to maintain a strategic distance from punishmentsand streamline rewards. We hypothetically do this to increase positive and negative support (Lecture notes, conduct perspective,social learning hypothesis, 2000). Uplifting feedback is anypleasant occasion that we get by playing out a specific conduct. Then again, negative support has to do with receivinga award by evacuation of an aversive improvement (Lecture notes,behavioral point of view, social learning hypothesis, 2000). We learnwhat practices i nspire prizes and disciplines by our ownbehaviors. Susan Smith discovered that expelling her kids fromher life became negative support. She accepted she wouldgain encouraging feedback which would be the adoration for herboyfriend. Be that as it may, alongside support, there normally comespunishment. Positive discipline comprises of applying unwantedstimuli, and negative discipline can be characterized as the expulsion ofwanted boosts (Lecture notes, conduct viewpoint, sociallearning hypothesis, 2000). Susan Smiths discipline started as soon asshe acknowledged what she had done. Her admission plainly states howshe was appallingly coerce ridden and had felt hopeless about killingher kids (Smith 1994). This could be a type of negativepunishment since her youngsters were for all time expelled from herlife until the end of time. After her admission, she was condemned to life inprison. This can plainly be viewed as positive discipline becauseher opportunity was detracted from her eternity . .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7 , .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7 .postImageUrl , .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7 , .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7:hover , .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7:visited , .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7:active { border:0!important; } .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7:active , .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2b9539d984b 3907ef065ebf42c9442b7 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2b9539d984b3907ef065ebf42c9442b7:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Spinoza accomplishment descartes EssayRole hypothesis is a hypothesis that causes us to better understandour social practices. We as a whole have jobs and statuses in our regular daily existences that relate to how we live consistently. Be that as it may, a few people don't follow socially acknowledged jobs and standards. Among the jobs that we have throughout everyday life, there can likewise berole strife. Job struggle is the point at which our various jobs are notcompatible with one another due to the diverse statuses thata individual possesses (Lecture notes, sociological viewpoint, roletheory, 2000). Susan Smith clearly had incredible clash among herstatus as a mother, and her status as a sweetheart. She becamecaught up in settling on a decision to be a mother or a sweetheart. Shemost certainly settled on an inappropriate choice, one that she will have tolive with forever.Statuses are what we are throughout everyday life, and rolesare what we do throughout everyday life (Lecture notes, sociological perspective,role hypothesis). For example, one of Susan Smiths statuses wasbeing a mother. What is a mother? A mother should love,care, and ensure her youngsters before whatever else in her life. Susan Smiths job as a mother was certainly not ordinary. Perhapsshe was confounded about what her job as a mother ought to be. Shedeviated from her job as a mother so drastically, and it isalmost difficult to see how a mother could watch herchildren kick the bucket. I accept that she knew completely well what herrole as a mother ought to be, however she decided to be amazingly egotistical. There are two sorts of statuses that accompany job hypothesis. Attributed statuses are those that are given to us without a

Culture Hearths and Diffusion Around the World

Culture Hearths and Diffusion Around the World Culture is for the most part alluded to as a specific gatherings specific lifestyle. This incorporates the social implications of different parts of life, for example, race, ethnicity, values, dialects, religions, and apparel styles. In spite of the fact that numerous particular societies are predominant around the globe today, those that are the most prevailing have birthplaces in one of a couple of zones called culture hearths. These are the heartlands of different societies and, generally, there are seven primary areas from which the most prevailing social thoughts have spread. Early Culture Hearth Locations The seven unique culture hearths are: The Nile River ValleyThe Indus River ValleyThe Wei-Huang ValleyThe Ganges River ValleyMesopotamiaMesoamericaWest Africa These districts are viewed as culture hearths in light of the fact that such things as religion, the utilization of iron devices and weapons, profoundly composed social structures, and the advancement agribusiness began and spread from these zones. As far as religion, for instance, the zone around Mecca is viewed as the way of life hearth for the Islamic religion and the territory from which Muslims at first ventured out to change over individuals to Islam. The spread of devices, social structures, and agribusiness spread likewise from the way of life hearths. Culture Regions Additionally essential to the improvement of early culture habitats are culture districts. These are regions that contain prevailing social components. In spite of the fact that not every person in the way of life area has a similar culture attributes, they are frequently affected by it here and there. Inside this framework, there are four segments of impact: The Core - Â the core of the zone and shows the most unequivocally communicated culture characteristics. It is normally the most intensely populated and, on account of religion, includes the most popular strict landmarks.The Domain - encompasses the Core and, however it has its own social qualities, it is still firmly affected by the Core.The Sphere - encompasses the Domain.The Outlier - encompasses the Sphere. Social Diffusion Social dissemination is the term used to depict the spread of social thoughts from the Core (on account of culture areas) and the way of life hearth. There are three strategies for social dispersion. The first is called direct dispersion and happens when two unmistakable societies are exceptionally near one another. After some time, direct contact between the two prompts a mixing of the way of life. Verifiably this happened through exchange, intermarriage, and some of the time fighting since individuals from the different societies cooperated with one another for extensive stretches. A model today would be the comparative enthusiasm for soccer in certain regions of the United States and Mexico. Constrained dissemination or extension dispersion is the second technique for social dissemination and happens when one culture overcomes another and powers its convictions and customs onto the vanquished individuals. A model here would be the point at which the Spanish took over terrains in the Americas and later constrained the first occupants to change over to Roman Catholicism in the sixteenth and seventeenth Centuries. The term ethnocentrism is regularly applied to constrained dispersion since it alludes to taking a gander at the world just from ones own social vantage point. Accordingly, individuals taking an interest in this type of dissemination regularly accept that their social convictions are better than those of different gatherings and, thus, power their thoughts upon those they win. Likewise, social government is generally positioned into the classification of constrained dissemination as it is the act of effectively advancing social qualities, for example, language, food, religion, and so on., of one country in another. This training is regularly inside constrained dispersion in light of the fact that as often as possible happens through military or financial power. The last type of social dispersion is roundabout dissemination. This sort happens when social thoughts are spread through a broker or considerably another culture. A model here would be the notoriety of Italian food all through North America. Innovation, broad communications, and the web are both assuming a colossal job in advancing this kind of social dispersion around the globe today. Current Culture Hearths and Cultural Diffusion Since societies create after some time, new prevailing zones of predominant culture have done as such also. Todays present day culture hearths are places, for example, the United States and world urban areas like London and Tokyo. Territories, for example, these are viewed as current culture hearths as a result of the pervasiveness of their social perspectives presently present all through a significant part of the world. Take for example the prominence of sushi in Los Angeles, California, and Vancouver, British Columbia or the nearness of Starbucks in places like France, Germany, Moscow, and even in Chinas Forbidden City. Direct dispersion has surely assumed a job in this new spread of social qualities and items, and individuals are presently moving around oftentimes in light of todays simplicity of movement. Physical boundaries, for example, mountain goes additionally no longer block people groups development and the resultant spread of social thoughts. It is circuitous dispersion, however, which has had the biggest effect on the spread of thoughts from places like the United States to the remainder of the world. The web and publicizing through the numerous types of broad communications have permitted individuals worldwide to perceive what is well known in the U.S. what's more, thus, Levis and Coca-Cola items can be found even in remote Himalayan towns. Anyway social dissemination happens now or later on, it has happened commonly since the beginning and will keep on doing as such as new territories develop in force and give their social attributes to the world. The simplicity of movement and current innovation will just guide in accelerating the procedure of present day social dissemination.

New Urbanism Essay -- Suburban Developement Planning Essays

New Urbanism New Urbanism, an expanding sort of design and city arranging, is a development that has come about just in the previous decade. This development is a reaction to the multiplication of ordinary rural turn of events (CSD), the most famous type of rural extension that has occurred since World War II. Composed Robert Steuteville, Coming up short on a town place or person on foot scale, CSD spreads out to expend enormous regions of wide open even as populace develops generally gradually. Car utilize per capita has taken off, in light of the fact that an engine vehicle is required for almost all human transportation1. New Urbanism, along these lines, speaks to the opposite of this arranging belief system. It stresses customary arranging, including multi-reason zoning, available open space, slender road frameworks for simple person on foot utilization and better arrangement of network structures. Just two or three hundred American people group are using this technique for arranging, yet the effect is rapidly developing in a newborn child field overwhelmed by a couple of powerful draftsmen and specialists. Maybe the most notable pioneers of New Urbanism are Andrã ©s Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck of Duany Plater-Zyberk and Company (DPZ), a fiercely fruitful design firm flaunting three workplaces over the eastern seaboard.2 Despite the fact that the organization was established in 1980, it increased national acknowledgment for its structure of Seaside, Florida in 19892. Ocean side, a wonderful coordination of straightforward Floridian bungalow structure along the white sea shores of northwest Florida turned into a model for building walker cordial neighborhoods and incorporating networks by authorizing a severe uniform construction law, using reasonable and stylish arranging techniques (for example, each road reaches out to the... ...sterplan. http://www.dpz.com/ventures 8 Duany Plater-Zyberk and Company. St. Louis. http://www.dpz.com/ventures 9 Duany Plater-Zyberk and Company. Hillsborough. http://www.dpz.com/ventures  · Duany Plater-Zyberk and Company. San Juan Bautista. (Engineering) http://www.dpz.com/ventures 10 Rohn, David. Chesterton, Ind., Development Project Incorporates Environmental Concerns. Indianapolis Star. July 30, 2001. 11 Coffee Creek Center. Biology. http://www.coffeecreekcenter.com/pages/plan/ecology.htm  · Coffee Creek Center. Configuration Code Book. http://www.coffeecreekcenter.com/media/mediaattn/CCC-Codebook_web.pdf 12 Miller, Jason. New Towns - Issaquah Highlands, Washington. The Town Paper. http://www.tndtownpaper.com/Volume 5/issaquah_highlands.htm 13 Duany Plater-Zyberk and Company. Oakhurst. (Rural Retrofits) http://www.dpz.com/ventures

Economic Analysis Forecast Macro Environment Airline Essay Example

Financial Analysis Forecast Macro Environment Airline Essay Example Financial Analysis Forecast Macro Environment Airline Paper Financial Analysis Forecast Macro Environment Airline Paper Outline In todays worldwide economy, firms depend on the examination of macroeconomic and industry information to create execution improving systems and increment their productivity. In light of this, the accompanying report comprises of an examination of the U. Large scale condition, the carrier Industry, and Delta Air Lines. It covers both a notable period from 1996 to 2000 and a present period from 2001 to the present. Despite the fact that there has been present huge Improvement in GAP, there are new concerns in regards to emptying, the present jobless recuperation, and the way that creation is expanding at a quicker rate than request. Ensuing examination will concentrate on the changing variables that have lead to these outcomes. When confronting monetary development or downturn, the Federal Reserve Board (the Fed) depends on various measures to possibly Influence the financial condition. The Feeds current methodology has been the inverse; It has extended the cash flexibly to bring down the focused on government subsidizes rate In request to attempt to haul the economy out of the downturn and create supportable measure of financial development. Monetary development (1996 2000) added to Deltas and the general aircraft industry positive exhibition. Overall, the carrier business contributed O. These macroeconomic occasions had direct impacts over the aircraft business. For instance, increment in labor and fuel costs constrained work cuts in the Industry and the establishing of a critical number of airplane. The various components influencing the Industrys execution additionally have direct impacts over Delta Air Lines. This is prove by the age of benefits during the extension time frame (totaling LOS$ 4,040 million) and misfortunes during the time of monetary downturn (totaling US$ 2,934 million). With misfortune despite everything staying on their salary proclamations, significant bearers, including Delta, are scanning for deferent ways o face the extraordinary failure cost rivalry. By breaking down past and current patterns in the macroeconomic condition, In the carrier Industry, and In Deltas execution, separately, we feature existing connections between each. Mention that our investigation centers exclusively around the business avionics division so as to fulfill Deltas instructive needs. Based on this exploration and examination, our report is planned to give a target macroeconomic and industry conjecture for the coming year and give suggestions to Delta. The Macroeconomic Environment We currently break down the U. Agronomic condition during the memorable and current time frames. Hole Analysis To comprehend the adjustments In GAP conduct we take a gander at its essential parts (See Average Growth of Real GAP Components chart). These universal financial issues made the dollar reinforce against remote monetary forms, which thusly weakened U. This falling apart condition offered path to the present time frame, welcomed by downturn. Stresses identified with the war with Iraq, just as industrious worries about the course of monetary action and corporate profit, made a high level of hazard avoidance mongo Dustless officials Tanat obliged capital spending Ana invalid. I nose components will be examined in more detail in ensuing investigation. Swelling Analysis The general pattern for expansion during both the memorable and current time frames has been to stay low. For instance, in the carrier business, Internet charge appointments have diminished by and large commission costs. Be that as it may, net revenues were contracted as increasing costs made more significant expenses in a serious market condition. Limit Utilization In our past investigation we referenced the impacts of expanded efficiency and market rivalry on swelling. These components were energized by the general positive financial conditions. Subsequent to investigating the distinctions and patterns in the macroeconomic condition between the memorable and current time frames, we presently concentrate on the Federal Reserves job in the economy. Feeds Response To meet the objectives of high development, low expansion, and low joblessness, the Fed takes a gander at the scope of factors talked about in past examination. 5% so as to attempt to haul the economy out of the downturn and create reasonable measure of monetary development. The Federal Reserve additionally brought down the focused on government supports rate all together o diminish the strain on the economy brought about by worldwide financial unsteadiness (Asia, Russia, and Latin America). As referenced in the Inflation Analysis segment, cost increments have been low all through this period because of: Decrease in by and large spending Decrease in riches because of poor securities exchange returns High joblessness rates Lower limit usage In the present, monetary approach has offered extra help to purchaser spending. At present, expansion, just because since the early backtalk, is as low as the Fed needs so low, truth be told, that threes a remote danger of the economy tipping into an incapacitating emptying. The macroeconomic condition has incredible effect over the systems utilized by enterprises and firms. To delineate this relationship, we introduced in this area an investigation of the most persuasive factors in industry and firm dynamic which are: genuine GAP development and its segments, swelling, and efficiency. Our examination additionally secured the backwards relationship that exists between the joblessness rate and both limit usage and shopper certainty. The following segment centers around the aircraft business. Agronomic condition to the general business execution during the notable and current time frames. Our principle spotlight will be fixated on the business commitment to GAP, its serious condition, valuing and economies of scale methodologies, and its significant expenses. The Airline Industry All the macroeconomic variables we have broke down have direct impact over the conduct of the various enterprises in the economy. In this segment, we examine the carrier business execution during the memorable and current time frames by stressing the relationship it presents with the full scale condition. Generally, there has been an immediate connection between the development of the economy and the development of the business. For example, during the memorable period, the industry and the economy were both portrayed by diminishing joblessness, and as the GAP improved, the industry supported benefits. In the present time frame, the industry was severely influenced by the current downturn, and even with the ongoing improvement in the financial condition, the industry has not had the option to recoup at a similar rate as the economy. The adjustments in the macroeconomic condition have incredible impact over the business for the most part because of its standard qualities: The present market structure AT ten Lorene Ministry Is bring together Day an invalid degree AT showcase imprisonment with few prevailing, huge firms albeit different makers are available. In the carrier business, the top aircrafts verifiably were American, Continental, Delta, Northwest, US Airways, and United, otherwise called the Big Six. Customarily, passage of littler firms into this market was respectably troublesome because of procedures utilized by the Big Six, for example, Cutting ticket costs beneath genuine cost (savage Holding doors and spaces at air terminals so they can advantageously fly particle and out blocking littler firms Holding long haul rents on entryways and holding dates as of now onto being used to forestall their utilization by others Holding veto rights over air terminal extension extends that may let particle new contenders Controlling basic ground-taking care of stuff administrations at predominant center points; as a rule charging littler carriers restrictively significant expenses for utilizing them The Industry Evolves Even with the long-standing structure of the aircraft business, changes are unavoidable. The most significant test confronted is the adjustment in the business serious condition. As the carrier business entered the present time frame, it confronted issues identified with the general financial downturn. The 9/1 fear based oppressor assaults and the war with Iraq have prompted further hosing impacts on the business. Another variety of transporters is picking up quality in this condition: ease aircrafts. Industry Performance and Contribution to GAP Historically, there has been an extremely exacting relationship between's the manner by which the carrier business performs monetarily and how the countries economy performs, estimated by GAP. This shows the aircraft business was a significant supporter of the countries economy. During this period, carriers detailed high net benefits connected to the time of monetary extension talked about in the macroeconomic area of this port. Recorded periods benefits empowered aircraft bearers to remake their asset reports from the Gulf War years. Sadly, from 2001 to the present, the industry has aggregated overall deficits. Despite the fact that GAP figures had just been declining before 9/1, as the above chart demonstrates, the easing back economy and the blasting dab. Com bubble additionally adversely affected the business. This falling apart conduct is by and by steady with the presentation of the general macroeconomic condition. At the present, the minimal effort transporters are exploiting the obligation of the significant bearers. This capitalization, combined with immense ventures made by enormous firms during the authentic period (See Aircraft Orders Options diagram) to confront expanded interest, constrained huge carriers to improve effectiveness through cost-cutting estimates portrayed in further investigation. The abrupt drop in rush hour gridlock following the 9/1 assaults were reflected by the business sharp decrease in limit armadas contracted by 298 airplane. Industry Costs Bleed Profits During the noteworthy period, the impacts of diminished interest and expanded serious weights from minimal effort transporters have made significant aircrafts center around cost the board to improve their inc

Top 10 things to look for in a business school

The number of students obtaining a university degree rises annually and the subject major ‘business’ continues to be a popular choice. Whilst studying business can open a world of possibilities for you (read how here), to succeed in the global job market you’ll need to learn how to stand out among the crowds of students graduating each year. This is important to remember when looking for the right university or business school for you. For students looking to study a degree in international business, here are my top ten things to look for in a business school. 1. Location, Location, Location Whilst studying, youll want to have a balance of exploring a new city and all it has to offer, but you should factor in being close to the markets you want to work in once you graduate. Choose a city that can open networking opportunities for you–give you access to visit businesses you’re in interested, grab coffee with alumni, and conduct informational interviews with dream companies. For example, if you aspire to work in the start-up tech sector, San Francisco might be the place for you! 2. A curriculum with a practical approach The number one industry complaint about business schools is the lack of soft and practical skills  students develop while attending university. Therefore, in order to be competitive and career-ready, you need to select a business school that will give you more than a traditional or theoretical based curriculum. Look for programs, which encourage real-world experience by incorporating practical elements, such as live business challenges, simulations, and projects with employers. 3. Rotation options: Learn to see the world Considering your bachelor’s degree will take at least three to four years to complete, you may want to look for programs that will enable you to rotate to different parts of the world. This will not only richen your experience, but can also add extra wow-factors on your profile. Employers are always eager to know what else you’ve accomplished outside of the classroom and examples of how you’ve stepped out of your comfort zone. What’s more with business becoming more and more global, having the option to study in places like Shanghai or Dubai will increase the relevancy of your business degree. 4. Professors with a real business background One of the best ways to learn is to be taught by someone who’s done it themselves. Your future professors should be able to embody what they teach and offer more than just academic expertise. For instance, Professor Hap Klopp is one of the many internationally-sourced practitioner faculty teaching at Hult International Business School. Researching a school’s faculty can also give you an indication to the community and network you’ll be joining. Be sure to tap into your professors network; if they know someone who can help you along your professional journey let them know. 5. Diversity of students If you are truly interested in gaining an international university experience then study alongside students from around the world. In doing so, you’ll get to learn about different cultures, share ideas and insights, and not to mention graduate with friendships all over the globe. When looking at business schools, be sure to look into the number of nationalities present among a schools student body so that you get a good idea into the diversity on campus. 6. Flexibility of your bachelor’s degree Whether you already know which area of business you would like to focus on (i.e. Marketing, Finance, or Management) you should think about how and when you will have to make these decisions. Will you be able to take general classes out of all areas to see which suits you best? Does the program offer exciting electives to broaden your educational horizons (i.e. foreign languages, humanities, and leadership development)? Good bachelor degrees offer you additional certificates or diplomas alongside the main curriculum, such as in new technologies like Business with Computer Science or Business with Design. 7. Student support with personalized attention During your time at university, you want to be supported by faculty as well as staff members. Pay attention to the number of students per lecture and the overall size of the student body to gauge the level of support you can expect to receive. Will campus staff actually know your name? Do you always need an appointment before seeing staff? If something goes wrong, is there someone that can help? Trust me, these things can make your time at university far less stressful and a heap loads more enjoyable. 8. Student goals: Become an entrepreneur Many students dream of becoming an entrepreneur and to be one day founders of their own start-up. With the right tools and mentorship from your school, such aspirations can be achieved during your years as a student. There are many great examples of Hult bachelor students who  have started their own ventures before graduating through using platforms like the Hult founder’s lab. 9. Life after graduation: student success Looking into student success stories will provide you with good insight into how school’s and their programs prepare students for a promising future. Testimonials, job placement statistics, and who are some of the top hiring companies are a few examples of the indicators to look out for. You should also be interested to see what resources are made available to alumni. Whether it be initiatives to maintain the network youve built at university or alumni-exclusive classes to develop your learning–these are factors to consider as they increase the value of a degree. 10. The accreditation of your program Whilst its not all about rankings, one last word of advice: Pay attention to how your bachelor’s degree is accredited (i.e. NEASC, BAC, AMBA, AACSB) – this is especially important to ensure the educational quality and rigor. Additionally, looking into the right type of accreditation will ensure that your degree is properly recognized in your home country. For example, not every program comes with the AACSB accreditation for business, which can be regarded as one of the highest accreditations for business degrees globally. Hope this was helpful, and whichever way you choose, good luck! If you would like to find out more about Hult’s global business programs,  download a brochure here. Kickstart your career with Hults undergraduate business school. To find out more, take a look at our blog Top 10 things to look for in a business school. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to learn about the business world, the future, and yourself. Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

Effectively Get Rid of Skin Tags Revitol Skin Tag Removal - 1650 Words

Effectively Get Rid of Skin Tags with Revitol Skin Tag Removal (Essay Sample) Content: Effectively Get Rid of Skin Tags with Revitol Skin Tag RemovalIf that skin tag under your chin, on your neck, or on your thigh is embarrassing you, then its about time to do something about it. Skin tags randomly appear to people, regardless of age or gender. Sometimes, people just let it be especially if it can be covered up with accessories or some clothing, but there are also instances where it is just impossible to cover it up.Among the many popular products that you will come across if you want to get rid of your skin tags, is Revitol Skin Tag Removal. It is another product formulated by a trusted company, and many users have attested to its effectiveness. Interested? We will give you an overview on Revitol Skin Tag Removals formulation, benefits, and effects, so read our full review below.What is Revitol Skin Tag Removal?Revitol is a trusted skincare company specializing in mostly all-natural ingredients and was founded in 2002. It is a member of Natural Product s Association, which is why their products are mostly made of natural ingredients.Revitol Skin Tag Removal is one of their innovative formulations that safely takes away the annoying skin tags of users. It uses a variety of plant extracts and they pride their unique active ingredient in the formulation, the Thuja Occidentalis.Ingredients:Thuja Occidentalis main active ingredient of Revitol Skin Tag Removal. It is responsible for curing cold sores and skin infections. While Revitol is proud to use this active ingredient, no study has yet been done to back up their claims that this leaf extract is solely responsible for healing skin tags.Sunflower oil an oil that is famous for a lot of its skin healing benefits, this ingredient helps in improving the skins elasticity and may help the skin tag to stretch out.Tea tree oil famous in many skin care creams and products, this oil is used to also improve the skins quality and elasticity. It also helps in fighting bacteria on the skin.Sw eet Almond oil responsible for making the skin soft and supple. When used long term, the skin becomes well hydrated from within.Soybean oilThe Good Catch: ProsPainless treatment;Made from all-natural plant ingredients;Made by a reputable company;Inexpensive than surgery; andUses a variety of oils that also improve the skins overall quality.Product Disclaimer: Side EffectsThis product must not be used by pregnant and lactating women. Although it is made of all-natural ingredients, we also advise that you seek a medical opinion if your skin is highly sensitive especially to one or some of the ingredients mentioned above. Likewise, discontinue use immediately of irritation occurs.Dosage and Directions for UseRevitol Skin Tag Removal claims to make the skin tags shrink slowly with pain and any discomfort. To do so, you must use Revitol Skin Tag Removal at least 3 times a day for a few straight weeks. Depending on the size of your skin tag, this may last from about 2 weeks and beyond.Av ailabilityAt the moment, Revitol Skin Tag Removal is not found on the official website, but can still be bought online through third-party selling platforms like Amazon.Our VerdictWhile skin tags are harmless and benign, it can be really annoying and uncomfortable especially if it grows on areas that your clothes regularly rub against it. Revitol Skin Tag Removal is a good product to try if you are really bothered with your skin tags. It is made by a trusted company and it is made of all-natural products. It is also a less expensive option as compared to surgeries. There is also a number of positive feedback about Revitol Skin Tag Removal that can be found across the internet.Overall, we rank Revitol Skin Tag Remova...

The Tragic Hero Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare - 1252 Words

Aristotle claims that a tragic hero is a protagonist who evokes pity in its audience and has a tragic flaw that ultimately leads to their downfall. They must also be virtues and noble or of some importance. Like many of Shakespeare’s protagonist Hamlet is regarded by many as a tragic hero. They place him in the ranks of characters like Othello, Romeo and Antony. However, even though Hamlet shares many similarities with these characters and possess many of the attributes outlined by Aristotle, he ultimately does not fall into the trap of vengeance. Throughout the play the members of the Danish court attempt to poison Hamlet with different narratives and push him into vengeance. It is typical of a tragic hero to have some tragic fall that brings about their own downfall. However, Hamlets downfall is not brought on by his actions or his flaws. Instead Claudius poisons the court against Hamlet and tries to have him murder multiple times before succeeding in the final scene. In the beginning of the fourth act after Hamlet murders Polonius, Claudius convinces Gertrude as well as Hamlet’s childhood friends to send him away to England. Here Claudius asks the king of England to kill Hamlet and help him rid himself of Hamlet. Then when that fails Claudius convinces Laertes to kill Hamlet in act 4 scene 7. This defers from the downfall of tragic heroes like Othello who ends up killing himself after murdering his wife Desdemona. It was all of Othello’s flaws and mistakes that led himShow MoreRelatedThe Tragic Hero Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1402 Words   |  6 Pagessuggested that a hero must evoke in the audience a sense of fear and pity. In many ways, Hamlet is the quintessential tragic hero. Like the classical tragic hero, Hamlet begins with the noblest motivations, to punish his father’s murderer, but he does not survive to see the full outcome of his actions. Hamlet’s tragic flaw as well as his extensive knowledge, causes him to think through everything before acting, effectively stopping him from being decisive, and bringing about his necessary tragic ending. Hamlet’sRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1094 Words   |  5 Pagesmen do lives after them; the good is oft interred with their bones† (Shakespeare). Often times, a pure heart will rot in the grave and then their sins will be what remains to stain their images. I believe this is the case for the young Prince Hamlet, a tragic hero he was, it appears that many readers forget what Hamlet was trying to achieve. In conclusion, I believe that readers do not recognize the champion that Hamlet was, Hamlet is a victorious protagonist that avenged his father, and with his revengeRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1254 Words   |  6 PagesThat makes the tragic hero a character who experiences conflict and suffers as a result of his choices and actions. Hamlet suffers both private and public, and makes choices that lead to his destruction. Therefore he is a clear representation of Shakespeare’s tragic hero. Hamlet, the play’s tragic hero, exhibits a combination of good and bad traits. He is a complex character and displays a variety of characteristics throughout the play. When introduced in Act, Scene 2, we see Hamlet as a sensitiveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet As A Tragic Hero1251 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most famous tragedies. Hamlet himself is commonly known as a tragic hero in the play. He knows he possesses the flaw of indecision but cannot overcome it, and this is a weakness that eventually causes his downfall. Therefore, this paper will discuss his own fate by examining some of his characteristics. Different people have their own understanding towards Hamlet. As a tragic hero, some think he is young, brave and thoughtful; some think he is conscientious, becauseRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - The Aristotelian Tragic Hero1529 Words   |  7 Pagesplay, Hamlet, centers around Hamlet’s contemplation of killing his uncle in order to avenge his father’s death. Hamlet’s decisions and values come into play in determining his fate. However, Hamlet’s intended action to avenge his father’s death, rather his motivation, falls short due to his moral dilemma. Overall, Hamlet’s actions and values work together to create a connection between Hamlet’s state of mind and the condition of Denmark as well as, epitomize him as an Aristotelian tragic hero. At theRead MoreEssay about Greek Tragedy Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet1191 Words   |  5 PagesGreek Tragedy Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet For several thousands of years, drama has existed among mankind. The ancient Greeks are accredited with the creation of drama, which began as simple religious rituals and eventually evolved into the more complex forms of tragedies and comedies. The first rules of drama, not surprisingly, were also written by a Greek--the famous philosopher and intellectual, Aristotle. Aristotle took note of the what qualities created a successful dramatic pieceRead MoreHamlet, Prince of Denmark825 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, Prince of Denmark By William Shakespeare Submitted by: Tariq Khan Dated: Monday, 24th September, 2012 Hamlet as a Tragedy by William Shakespeare 1.1. Brief Introduction to Tragedy: Greek and English: Elizabethan tragedy is traced back to Greek tragedy, since Greeks are said to have pioneered the Western knowledge, be it Science, Arts, or Humanities—not necessarily Technology. The rich contribution of Greek dramatists like Sophocles, Euripides, Aeschylus and AristophanesRead More Shakespeares Macbeth and Hamlet as Tragic Heroes Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth and Hamlet as Tragic Heroes      Ã‚   William Shakespeare has written many literary works - from his sonnets to his plays, each has its own individual characteristics.   One popular characteristic that comes from his plays is the tragic hero.   The audience can always relate to the tragic hero and the many trials he faces.   Macbeth and Hamlet are just two of Shakespeares plays that involve the tragic hero.   Through their nobility, tragic flaws, and dignity Macbeth and Hamlet prove to beRead MoreHamlet As A Tragic Hero850 Words   |  4 Pagesas a hero if they revenge? Well In the novel Hamlet the author, William Shakespeare creates tragic events where his main character Hamlet has to overcome to achieve his goal of killing his evil uncle Claudius. â€Å"In life one has to do bad thing in order to be a hero,the hero also has to make sacrifices in order to be successful† (John Barrowman). In Shakespeare Hamlet, should hamlet be considered a tragic hero judging by him following the hero steps. S hakespeare proves that Hamlet was a tragic heroRead More The Tragic Hero of Hamlet Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tragic Hero of Hamlet    Shakespeares play, Hamlet illustrates the tragedy of a young princes pursuit to obtain revenge for a corrupt act, the murder of his father.  Ã‚   As the exposition unfolds, we find Prince Hamlet struggling with internal conflict over who and what was behind his fathers death.   His struggle continues as he awaits the mystic appearance of a ghost who is reported to resemble his father.   Suddenly it appears, proclaiming, Pity me not, but lend thy serious hearing / To

The Effects Of Cyberbullying On The Internet - 1449 Words

This research benefits everyone who engages in the social networking on the internet with the primary focus being the school aged adolescents and their parents. By exposing the issue in hand and the negative impacts it carries will hopefully create positive response. Not only is cyberbullying a huge threat in present time, but it can also lead to long term effects that could permanently ruin an individual going through adulthood. Some of these devastating effects include: suicide, grades start dropping, overall school participation begins to decline, depression, and vengeance (Mirsky, E. L., Omar, H. A. 2015). The more society becomes involves in the situation, the better chance society has in creating new laws to combat cyberbullying†¦show more content†¦present laws that are in place become a problem. The country has become divided when it comes to laws against cyberbullying. Several have implemented cyberbullying into their statutes and others have not. The computer and fraud abuse act (CFAA) is the only current federal law that is even remotely close and relevant to cyber laws and the prosecution of cyberbullying. The CFAA was set in stone in 1984 by congress as an anti-hacking law when computer crime started to become popular (King, A. V. 2010). This act was originally referred to as the counterfeit Access Device and Computer Fraud Abuse Act, this statute only covered large financial institutions and government computers (PBS, 2012). During 1996, certain amendments were pushed towards the CFAA under the US Patriot act. Furthermore, during that year the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act was introduced during this time. This act included language that was associated with any computer linked to the internet (PBS, 2012). CFAA’s main concern focuses on the language aspect of it. This is because the language was too vague and this prevented crimes associated with computer fraud from ever being prosecuted. According to King (2010), the argument that is brought up is that the CFAA tends to focus their attention around a crucial phase which states, that by law it is illegal to deliberately gain entrà ©e to a computer without properShow MoreRelatedCyberbullying And Its Effect On Children Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe internet is the single worldwide computer network that interconnects other computer networks on which end-user services, such as world wide web sites or data archives, are located, enabling data and other information to be exchanged (Internet, n.d.). This essay will identify and discuss one concern for users of the internet, which is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is carried out through cell phones, computers, e-mails and any other electronic devices or social media sites. Cyberbullying has theRead MoreWhat Side Effects Does Cyberbullying Have On Children?1616 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction â€Å"What side effects does cyberbullying have on children?† an individual potential will become an issue once being cyberbullied and the social justice and discrimination. The contemporary and the society may be structured around the belief and positive, successful and schooling experience and underpin but also the individual’s ability to achieve their personal capacity. â€Å"What is Cyberbullying† this being an act that happens by a youth who insults or harasses you by electronic means. DuringRead MoreThe Malicious Playground Of Cyberbullying1096 Words   |  5 PagesElizabeth Velasquez Professor Gibson English 102 13 April 2015 The Malicious Playground of Cyberbullying Visualize sitting in front of a computer and checking your emails. In less than a couple of minutes being battered with horrible messages continuously. This is called cyberbullying; a type of bullying that takes place communicating electronically to subdue, blackmail, or agonize a person. A multitude of adolescents battle with this unbearable situation on a day by day basis and let itRead MoreDoes Cyberbullying Have The Same Negative Effects On Traditional Bullying? Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Literature Research Question Does cyberbullying have the same negative effects as traditional bullying? Thesis Statement Cyber Bullying has the same negative effects as Traditional Bullying. Introduction The goal of the research reports is to compare and contrast the effects of cyberbullying against those of traditional bullying. The research finds that cyberbullying does have the same effect as traditional bullying, but to a greater extentRead MoreThe World Of The Digital Age Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesimmersed in the era of the digital age. Gone are the days of searching for hours in the library for the answers to a particular question, writing letters that can take days if not weeks to reach its recipient or simply visiting friends to reconnect. The Internet has provided a way to obtain and share a vast amount of information instantaneously on devices such as laptops and mobile phones. As a result, the number of users is increasing at an exponential rate as more people go online and embrace the convenienceRead MoreA New Form of Bullying: Cyberbullying1259 Words   |  5 Pagesin person; but, in this generation, cyberbullying is a new form of harassment that goes beyond the s choolyard. This way, individuals can be bullied all day and any day, but when you ask teens today, 81% of them think it is funny. (NPC) This shows that most teens do not think of cyberbullying as much of a threat, even though the rate in has gone up. In 2008–2009, the School Crime Supplement indicates that 6% of students in grades 6–12 experienced cyberbullying. (Stop Bullying) Six percent of theRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cyberbullying935 Words   |  4 PagesMany people want to stop cyberbullying like this, the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. Cyberbullying, similar to other types of bullying, takes place online, usually through text messages or social media and hurts other people’s feelings. Bullying in any form leads to some real problems in the victims, so fixing this problem at the source serves as the only viable solution. Cyberbullying happens to more peopleRead MoreCyberbullying through Social Media and the Internet1134 Words   |  4 PagesCyberbullying has become extremely detrimental as social media and the internet have become more and more popular. People use the internet to viciously attack others from behind a screen. They sometimes even do it anonymously which can be more hurtful for the victims who do not know who their attacker is. Bullies often consider cyberbullying to be harmless and don’t realize that they can still get caught. Just like other types of bullying, many people notice it but never say anything and the victimsRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effects On Society Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesCyberbullying is a prevalent issue in our society due to the rise of technology. Teenagers and children are more connected to the internet than ever before and are in danger of cyber bullying. People can be bullied for a multitude of reasons, the number seeming to grow every ye ar. Some children are cyberbullied because of their physical appearance, sexual orientation, for sexting, for their mental disabilities or for simply existing. This form of bullying is so dangerous because it is very difficultRead MoreCyberbullying Does Not Have A Good Effect On Self Esteem871 Words   |  4 Pages With social media and the internet being as accessible as it is today, cyberbullying has become one of the more â€Å"popular† ways to bully someone. Cyberbullying is using the internet or electronics to send a threatening or intimidating message to another person to incite fear or anger. This has become a problem in today’s society, because it is having a negative impact on our young people. Cyberbullying causes low self-esteem, psychological, and physical stress to the young people who fall victim

The Variations Of Stability By Johnny Truant - 1738 Words

The Variations of Stability Johnny Truant is first introduced to the reader characterized as a drunken, unstable individual in a bar. His ramblings of a drunken brawl with two men in which he loses and ends up paying them money for, establishes Johnny as a narrator with little to no credibility. In chapter five, Johnny recounts the story in which he encounters a young girl who is a local stripper, who Johnny refers to as â€Å"Thumper†. Thumper is described as somebody who is irresponsibly risquà ©, and even shameful in her morals and beliefs which she attributes in the life she lives, amid drugs, random sexual encounters, and other behaviors that the common person would deem â€Å"unstable†. The average person considers â€Å"stable† to be somebody with a†¦show more content†¦She is somebody who isn’t exactly up to standard in what is deemed a stable life, but she is stable relative to Johnny’s lifestyle. We can look to the average white/blue collar career with a ni ne to five work week, a satisfactory salary, and monogamous relationship as defining what is â€Å"stable†. Thumper is shown to be the opposite of â€Å"stable† as she embodies all of Johnny’s lifestyle choices, making her an unreliable narrator with little to no moral value. Even though she is an unreliable narrator, her consistency in Johnny’s life is greater than that of other characters. Lude is an enabler to Johnny’s behavior, as he only condemns his actions on a few occasions. Lude never cuts contact off with Johnny in attempt to be at his side to help him, yet there is never any clear attempt on the part of Lude to try and get professional help for Johnny. During Johnny’s obsession with Zampano’s novels, he shouts at a customer abruptly causing Thumper to scold him, and warns him about his inappropriate behavior. It eventually leads to thumper to be prompted to fire him, and telling him he needs to seek professional help. This is the first time in which somebody disciplines Johnny for his behavior. Thumper is the first person in Johnny’s life to ever hold him accountable for his actions. This transaction between Johnny and Thumper can be compared to a a mother kicking her child

Short Story - 1524 Words

For the rest of the night/morning I had rested up, and went straight to one of the patrol officers that roam the streets in search of some homeless people that â€Å"plague† the streets. I had told them all about my suspicions with Master Reginald, but they just had the audacity to laugh. Master Benedict would have not appreciated this, I thought once they stopped laughing and told me to get a move on. I decided then that I would have to avenge Master Benedict on my own, and that would involve breaking into Master Reginald’s home. Still early in the morning, I had made my way to his house, and I had knocked on his door. Master Reginald answered, but before he could stop me, I pushed myself into his house, fully expecting to see signs of†¦show more content†¦I had read the newspaper when the fire was still a big part of my theory that Master Reginald was a part of the cult, and I didn’t remember it because I was so engrossed with the fire that the story a bout the poisonings didn’t even register until at that moment. First though, I knew that I couldn’t confront him by myself. This was proved by the fact that I was completely dumbfounded when trying to confront him the first time I had thought that he was part of the cult. I knew that I was going to have to involve the some form of authority if I ever wanted to stop the man. But to do that I had to convince the police to come with me so I could prove it to them. Therefore, I needed to show them what I had found, and I planned on stealing some to then bring to the police. Fortunately, I had someone that could help me with this part if the plan. By the time Tom and I had met up and ready to go on our mission, it was already dark out. The perfect time of day for this type of mission. Tom and I had snuck up behind the house of Master Reginald, making sure that no light was coming from it. Then we carefully dug up one of the plants we were planning to take back to the police , but before we could manage to remove the plant from the soil, we heard a man’s voice. Apparently, we were not as sneaky as I thought we were at the time. Master Reginald had found us sneaking around his house, and then before we could come with any ideas of escape, he made us goShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. 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These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Historical Analysis World Wide Phenomenon -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Historical Analysis World Wide Phenomenon? Answer: Introducation In Sustainability index of Dow Jones and as per the 2017 Sustainability report of Wesfarmers, out of 100, the company has scored 78. It was also regarded as the companys 20th Sustainability report. The company is set to follow the route of sustainability development that has made the company a recognised global leader. The primary objective and mission of the company is to offer a work place that is secure for the firm animal and to make sure that the risk related to injury in the workplace is minimised to the possible extent. Moreover, for the security of the farm animals, the company has spent huge amounts in its operation and increased it over the years (Bebbington et al. 2014). The company has made periodic audit of animal husbandry and firms mandatory. This is done in order to make sure that the required safety facilities are made available in these husbandries and firms. The company in terms of finance is assisting over 100s of farmers. This was possible because over 2.6m litres of milk were sold by the company with the help of the funds of the farmers only. Hence, the company was able to bring more numbers of farmers under this grant because of the increase in the production of milk. Moreover, for the companys growth and success, maintenance of firm animals and cows safety and health are extremely essential. With the help of $20,000, the farms innovation and development were undertaken (Ceulemans et al. 2015). One of the most crucial element of Wesfarmers Group are Coles which has a policy for welfare that strives towards decline of such animals that are close to confinement such as snow stalls and battery cages. A decision regarding use of fresh pork that are salt free since January 2014 and cage free eggs since 2013 January has been taken up. Followings are the major 5 practices that are the basics of Coles Approach are listed below: Thirst and Hunger Proper farm facilities for animals are offered that ensure freedom of animal against hunger and thirst. Discomfort In order to make sure that the animals are at comfort, medical treatments and facilities are provided to them at the firm that further confirms animals sound health and safety. Disease, Injury and Pain The company is continuously taking up steps to make sure that the animals are always free from any kinds of disease or injury or pain. In addition to these, the company is also making sure that every animals are provided with proper vaccination and at appropriate time that will further ensure sound health and safety of these animals (Junior et al. 2014). Allowing to Express Normal Behaviour By forbidding use of battery cages and small cages, freedom is offered to the animals to express themselves freely. Moreover, to express their natural behaviour, animals are being offered with their natural habitat. Hence they ca enjoy their habitat with freedom. Distress and Fear Fearless and stress-free environment are provided to the animals so that they can lead a happy and joyful life at the farm. In order to evaluate and review the policies and legislation of Coles with regards to every key species, a steering committee has been produced by the company so that the outcome of companys farm program assessment can be gauged (Fonseca et al. 2014). Hence, considering all the above steps taken by the company, it can be concluded that the Wesfarmers sustainability can be termed as an effective and efficient step from the companys sustainable development standpoint. Reference Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., O'Dwyer, B. (Eds.). (2014).Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Ceulemans, K., Molderez, I., Van Liedekerke, L. (2015). Sustainability reporting in higher education: A comprehensive review of the recent literature and paths for further research.Journal of Cleaner Production,106, 127-143. Fonseca, A., McAllister, M. L., Fitzpatrick, P. (2014). Sustainability reporting among mining corporations: a constructive critique of the GRI approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, 70-83. Junior, R. M., Best, P. J., Cotter, J. (2014). Sustainability reporting and assurance: A historical analysis on a world-wide phenomenon.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), 1-11.

Tom Clancy rainbow six Essay Example For Students

Tom Clancy rainbow six Essay Well it is easy to see that in Tom Clancys book rainbow six there are two main groups the first group is of course Rainbow SIX the second is horizon corp. Now for rainbow six they are our heroes they are the Special Forces assault team created and funded by the United States but it consists of members from across the world. The second group is the horizon corp. now these are the evil ones in the book and when I say evil I mean EVIL. But they were evil in the eyes of society but not in their own eyes. . Now what horizon corp. is planning is truly the embodiment of what can be considered a heinous crime what they planed on doing was to release a bacteria called Shiva is a modified version of the Ebola virus the difference Shiva and Ebola you might ask, well Shiva is twice as effective as Ebola is. Now Horizon corp. really doesnt fall under either overcoming or submitting but it can be seen as trying to destroy society. They believe that society has become too destructive against nature and so in their bid to save the human race they have to destroy all but a selected few they had made the Shiva virus and planned on letting it out during the Olympics so that it could be spread across the world. So instead of trying to conform to society or overcome it they have gone for option number three the destruction of society its self. Ok now for the heroes of the book a group named of course rainbow six. This group has skill and resources much greater then any other counter terrorist organization they travel to any country that requests their aid and well mops up any messes that they might have. The team encounters many different situations on which they are called in to resolve the problem the way a special forces unit would. So it is my feeling that the rainbow six team its self is meant to embody the will, the laws, and the Ideals of society as they are always called in to those who go against the general will and laws of main stream society. Lead by John Clark ex-Navy SEAL the team consisted mainly of those from USA and Britain but there are two guys from other countries I cant remember exactly what countries but I think it was Germany, Israel, Britain, and the USA. Anyway when the team gets together I can be seen as the culmination of all of the major influential nations of our global society. The whole setti ng of this book is that there is a top-secret organization called rainbow consisting of six elite soldiers from different nations to for pretty much the best Special ops team in the world this organization pretty much flies to the rescue of nations who are facing terrorist problems and well they help to end those problems in the manner that special forces usually solve problems picnics. While at the same time there is a sinister plot afoot buy a group that has only one comparison it is sort of a really really really mean version of Earth Liberation Front (which is Americas number one internal terrorist group launching raids and firebomb attacks on thing that they feel hurt the earth). They have a sinister plan to well wipe out an especially large amount of the human population with a little bacterium called Shiva and its a nasty little bug. It gets in your system and eats your healthy cells so it can make more of its self. One of my favorite parts that I especially enjoyed the part where a man dressed as a Roman soldier managed to take out a guy armed with an UZI with a Roman short sword in a head to head battle. In which terrorist took over a theme park called World Park (you would think mister Clancy could come up with a better name but whatever and took 35 children ages 5-11 hostage. In response Rainbow SIX was called into action by Spain to retake the park and save the hostages. I enjoyed the planning stages of this mission. But when they establish contact with the terrorists inside the leader of the group realize that the terrorist already seem to know what our heros in Rainbow SIX are planning. The rainbow six team turn off the lights to the complex in an attempt to make life as uncomfortable as possible; the terrorists call up the negotiator and demanded that the lights be turned back on. The rainbow team tries to buy time by keeping the lights off as long as possible but the response is that the terrorist bring out a nine year-old girl in a wheel chair an fire a nine millimeter round through her heart killing her instantly then pushing her dead body in the wheel chair down a ramp so the media cameras can look at them. So now the men of Rainbow six were extra pissed off at the terrorists. So they move into the building with quite some skill taking the enemies completely by surprise saving the children and well finishing off the terrorists. But at the end of this end incident price one of the member of the team had inadvertently given away the units secret because every time the rainbow team finished a mission he would go out side and smoke a pipe. One of the higher up of the evil group figured it out so as you can assume all of a sudden the Rainbow team was itself a target. Dum dum duuuummmmmmmm. .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2 , .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2 .postImageUrl , .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2 , .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2:hover , .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2:visited , .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2:active { border:0!important; } .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2:active , .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2 .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua0a5f11ed8ae25e995ca3f014f2033a2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poverty in America EssayAfter this the group that is funding all of these terrorist actions decided to hit close the Rainbow SIXs home by launching an attack against the local hospital using the local IRA as footmen in the attack. The IRA take over the building and take hostages two of the target hostages were the wife and daughter of the team leader so as you can imagine the team was immediately activated to take them out but this battle wasnt as interesting as the previous one because there was no real black ops involved in this one. In this battle it just sort of erupted out of no where and turned into a really sloppy firefight one might expect if you suddenly mixed Ger man and Allied troops in the same town square mixed them all together and gave them all assault weapons (but of course no members of Rainbow SIX were killed because they were protected by the one thing that bullets and reality cannot puncture plot shields). And when the battle street battle was over the negotiators managed to talk the men inside into giving up and all was well or was it/And the ending was quite a good one it ended with one of the man a Russian national who happened to be an ex-KGB member who was working for Horizon corp. was informed of the plan to destroy most of the human species. And that they planed on starting the plague at the Olympics that just happened to be going on at the same time that Rainbow SIX was formed. Right there he decided that this could not be allowed to happen and shot the man who told him on spot with a .44 revolver (its a step down from a .45 in bullet size but it carries more of a charge to it so its actually more powerful then a .45). He t hen got in contact with the head of the Rainbow SIX group who then got every thing mobilized and of course luckily there were already two members of Rainbow SIX at the Olympics working with the ausies version of the SAS. These men then waited for the man with bacterium to try and set every thing up and then they caught him. Later on the people of the black ops side of Horizon corp. found the dead body of their co-worker/co-terrorist and couldnt find the Russian they panicked and flew down to an auxiliary position that they had set up in Brazil. Brazil come for the forests stay for the terrorist cells. Any way so Rainbow SIX is informed of the location of this auxiliary base and decided to fly down their and pay them a little visit. So when Rainbow SIX arrives they start systematically taking out the people who work at horizon corp. in the end only 4 people are left of the original 32 members of horizon corp. the Rainbow six team wiped out the other 28 people like it was the Marianas Turkey shot. Then the members of horizon are informed that they are not under arrest instead they will be stripped of all their possessions and well the base via C4 plastic explosives and told to travel thought the jungle if they want to live and it was about 72 miles to the next town over so my guess is the jungle got them. The way the author decided to have these two confront each other is in highly charged combat situations as Horizon corp. would fund terrorist to launch attacks against various targets. On each occasion Rainbow six was called in and dealt with the terrorist in the manor that 6 men highly trained with assault weapons would deal with terrorist problems. Up until the end where they manage to well destroy the enemy of society.

Principles of Hypothesis free essay sample

So far we have talked about estimating a confidence interval along with the probability (the confidence level) that the true population statistic lies within this interval under repeated sampling. We now examine the principles of statistical inference to hypotheses testing. By the end of this chapter you should be able to †¢ Understand what is hypothesis testing †¢ Examine issues relating to the determination of level of How is this Done? If the difference between our hypothesized value and the sample value is small, then it is more likely that our hypothesized value of the mean is correct. The larger the difference the smaller the probability that the hypothesized value is correct. In practice however very rarely is the difference between the sample mean and the hypothesized population value larger enough or small enough for us to be able to accept or reject the hypothesis prima-facie. We cannot accept or reject a hypothesis about a parameter simply on intuition; instead we need to use objective criteria based on sampling theory to accept or reject the hypothesis. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Hypothesis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hypotheses testing is the process of making inferences about a population based on a sample. The key question therefore in hypotheses testing is: how likely is it that a population such as one we have hypothesized to produce a sample such as the one we are looking at. significance †¢ Apply tests of hypotheses to large to management Situations †¢ Use of SPSS package to carry out hypotheses test and interpretation of computer output including p- values What is Hypothesis Testing? What is a Hypothesis? A hypothesis is the assumption that we make about the population parameter. This can be any assumption about a population parameter not necessarily based on statistical data. For example it can also be based on the gut feel of a manager. Managerial hypotheses are based on intuition; the market place decides whether the manager’s intuitions were in fact correct. In fact managers propose and test hypotheses all the time. For example: †¢ If a manager says ‘if we drop the price of this car model by Hypotheses Testing-The theory Null Hypothesis In testing our hypotheses we must state the assumed or hypothesized value of the population parameter before we begin sampling. The assumption we wish to test is called the Null Hypotheses and is symbolized by Ho. For example if we want to test the hypotheses that the population mean is 500. We would write it as: Ho:  µ=500 If we use the hypothesized value of a population mean in a problem we represent it symbolically as:  µHo. The term null hypotheses has its origins in pharmaceutical testing where the null hypotheses is that the drug has no effect, i. e. , there is no difference between a sample treated with the drug and untreated samples. Alternative Hypothesis If our sample results fail to support the hypotheses we must conclude that something else must be true. Whenever we reject the null hypothesis the alternative hypothesis is the one we have to accept. This symbolized by Ha . There are three possible alternative hypotheses for any Ho. , i. e. : Ha:  µ? 500(the alternative hypothesis is not equal to 500) Ha:  µgt;500(the alternative hypothesis is greater than 500) Ha:  µlt;500( the alternative hypothesis is less than 500) Understanding Level of Significance The purpose of testing a hypothesis is not to question the computed value of the sample statistics but to make a judgment about the difference between the sample statistic and the hypothesized population parameter. Therefore the next step, after stating our null and alternative hypotheses, is to decide what Rs15000 , we’ll increase sales by 25000 units’ is a hypothesis. To test it in reality we have to wait to the end of the year to and count sales. †¢ A manager estimates that sales per territory will grow on average by 30% in the next quarter is also an assumption or hypotheses. How would the manager go about testing this assumption? Suppose he has 70 territories under him. †¢ One option for him is to audit the results of all 70 territories and determine whether the average is growth is greater than or less than 30%. This is a time consuming and expensive procedure. †¢ Another way is to take a sample of territories and audit sales results for them. Once we have our sales growth figure, it is likely that it will differ somewhat from our assumed rate. For example we may get a sample rate of 27%. The manager is then faced with the problem of determining whether his assumption or hypothesized rate of growth of sales is correct or the sample rate of growth is more representative. To test the validity of our assumption about the population we collect sample data and determine the sample value of the statistic. We then determine whether the sample data supports our hypotheses assumption regarding the average sales growth. 11. 556  © Copy Right: Rai University 113 criterion do we use for deciding whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis. How do We use Sampling to Accept or Reject Hypothesis? The Process of Hypothesis Testing We now look at the process of hypothesis testing. An example will help clarify the issues involved: Aluminum sheets have to have an average thickness of . 04inches or they are useless. A contractor takes a sample of 100 sheets and determines mean sample thickness as . 0408 inches. On the basis of past experience he knows that the population standard deviation for these sheets is . 04 inches. The issue the contractor faces is whether he should , on the basis of sample evidence, accept or reject a batch of 10,000 aluminum sheets. In terms of hypotheses testing the issue is : †¢ If the true mean is . 04inches and the standard deviation. We use the result that there is a certain fixed probability associated with intervals from the mean defined in terms of number of standard deviations from the mean. Therefore our problem of testing a hypothesis reduces to determining the probability that a sample statistic such as the one we have obtained could have arisen from a population with a hypothesized mean m. In the hypothesis tests we need two numbers to make our decision whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis: †¢ an observed value or computed from the sample †¢ a critical value defining the boundary between the acceptance and rejection region . Instead of measuring the variables in original units we calculate a standardized z variable for a standard normal distribution with mean  µ=0. The z statistic tells us how many how many standard deviations above or below the mean standardized mean (z,lt;0, zgt;0) our observation falls. We can convert our observed data into the standardized scale using the transformation .004 inches, what are the chances of getting a sample mean that differs from the population mean (. 04 inches) by . 0008inches or more? To find this out we need to calculate the probability that a random sample with mean . 08 will be selected from a population with  µ =. 04 and a standard deviation. If this probability is too low we must conclude that the aluminum company’s statement is false and the mean thickness of the consignment supplied is not . 04inches. Once we have stated out hypothesis we have to decide on a criterion to be used to accept or reject Ho. The level of significance represents the criterion used by the decision maker to accept or reject a hypothesis. For example if the manager wishes to allow for a 5% level of significance. This means that we reject the null hypothesis when the observed difference between the sample mean and population mean is such that it or a larger difference would only occur 5 or less times in every 100 samples when the hypothesized value of the population parameter is correct. It therefore indicates the permissible extent of sampling variation we are willing to allow whilst accepting the null hypothesis. In statistical terms 5% is called the level of significance and is denoted by a=. 05 We now write our data systematically. The z statistic measures the number of standard deviations away from the hypothesized mean the sample mean lies. From the standard normal tables we can calculate the probability of the sample mean differing from the true population mean by a specified number of standard deviations. For example: †¢ we can find the probability that the sample mean differs from the population mean by two or more standard deviations. It is this probability value that will tell us how likely it is that a given sample mean can be obtained from a population with a hypothesized mean m. . †¢ If the probability is low for example less than 5% , perhaps Our sample data is as follows: n=100, it can be reasonably concluded that the difference between the sample mean and hypothesized population mean is too large and the chance that the population would produce such a random sample is too low. What probability constitutes too low or acceptable level is a judgment for decision makers to make. Certain situations demand that decision makers be very sure about the characteristics of the items being tested and even a 2% probability that the population produces such a sample is too high. In other situations there is greater latitude and a decision maker may be wiling to accept a hypothesis with a 5% probability of chance variation. In each situation what needs to be determined are the costs resulting from an incorrect decision and the exact level of risk we are willing to assume. Our minimum standard for an acceptable probability, say, 5%, is also the risk we run of rejecting a hypothesis that is true. To test any hypothesis we need to calculate the standard error of the mean from the population standard deviation Next we calculate the z statistic to determine how many standard errors away from the true mean our sample mean is. This gives us our observed value of z which can then be compared with the z critical from the normal tables. z= = . 0408-. 04/. 0004=2 x ?  µ ? x This is demonstrated in the figure 1 below. 114  © Copy Right: Rai University 11. 556 Interpreting the Level of Significance The level of significance is demonstrated diagrammatically below in figure 3. Here . 95 of the area under the curve is where we would accept the null hypotheses.